Formation of a Legally Binding Business Contract Essay - 3

Arrangement of a Legally Binding Business Contract - Essay Example It is imperative to consider what comprises a substantial offer. There are different articulations which appear offers yet really not offer. A differentiation must be among offer, greeting to offer, an encouragement to treat. Jess publicized a recycled van available to be purchased on a vehicle exchange site for  £2650. This isn't an offer however a unimportant greeting to offer. This implies in the event that anybody shows enthusiasm for the van, Jess holds the privilege of declining to sell it. As found in the given case, Mr. Powell demonstrated enthusiasm for the van however Jess revealed to him that she would sell it if some other client preceded him. The intrigue appeared by Mr. Powell was the real offer however it was not acknowledged by Jess. Jess consented to offer the van to him however she qualified her acknowledgment by saying that she would offer the van to any client that preceded him. A certified acknowledgment is definitely not a substantial acknowledgment which is t he reason they didn't have any understanding yet. Mr. Powell revealed to Jess that he would pay  £450 ahead of time on the off chance that she didn't offer the van to any client for three days. Regularly, when general offers are made, the offeror will undoubtedly save the offer open for a specific offeree. Be that as it may, when an offeree consents to pay a thought for saving the offer open for a specific period, the offeror gets bound to keep it open for the specified period as found in Dickinson v Dodds. Mr. Powell has gotten a guarantee with the thought of  £450 from Jess that she would keep the proposal to offer the van to Mr. Powell open for three days. Presently Jess and Mr. Powell have an understanding that is independent from that of selling of the van. Another significant actuality is that Jess’ greeting to offer transformed into a proposal during this exchange. It is on the grounds that anybody could have made a proposal to Jess before she vowed to keep her offer open.

Victim Blaming and Victim Defending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casualty Blaming and Victim Defending - Essay Example By and large, individuals who are incredibly acquainted with victimology don't see the casualty as the one answerable for the crime. Notwithstanding, information about the earlier affinity between the casualty and culprit boosts the impression of casualty fault for cases, for example, spouse battery. Moreover, a large portion of the analysts contend that the casualty isn't really erroneous. Roy Baumeister; a character and social clinician, contends that indicating the victim’s duty can be canny, as opposed to normal explanation of unpleasantness and hostility (Said and Hitchens, 2001). Besides, in these two ideas there are factors, for example, optional exploitation, simply world theory, assault shield laws, sexual virtue and family respect which are of vital significance (Ryan, 1976). These wordings are very regular in relationship to casualty accusing and casualty protecting. According to this case, auxiliary exploitation can be recognized as the retraumatization of the maltreatment casualty through the reaction of the network as a rule. For instance on account of battered ladies, the ladies may be accused. For example, they may be blamed for not going about with regards to the specified rules set by the spouse or in any event, undermining the husband. These are the absolute most regular acts that may trigger the spouse to beat his better half. Consequently, this wonder is recognized as auxiliary exploitation. Assault shield laws have likewise gotten normal as indicated by most locales. These laws are at risk for securing the supposed casualty as for specific wonders. Another normal factor identified with the issue of casualty accusing and shielding is sexual virtue and family respect. This pervasive factor includes social connections in which ladies are generally accused for their unpredictable demonstrations. In conclusion, there is the simply world speculation issue which is likewise pervasive in issues identified with casualty accusing and guarding. This angle depicts the wonder that individuals accept

Growth Mindset and Brainology by Carol Dweck

Growth Mindset and Brainology by Carol Dweck “Mindset change is not about picking up a few pointers here and there. Its about seeing things in a new way. When peoplechange to a growth mindset, they change from a judge-and-be-judged framework to a learn-and-help-learn framework. Their commitment is to growth, and growth take plenty of time, effort, and mutual support.”, Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Growth mindset and brainology is an educational project that was instituted by Professor Carol Dweck and made her famous for. This is particularly designed to help students break all boundaries and limits set by negative learning perspectives, while also instilling self-confidence in them. The contribution of Dweck’s research to social psychology is enormous: she explains implicit theories of intelligence, explains the causes of them being affected by subtle environmental cues, how it shapes your mentality towards your abilities, and at last it controls the way you lead and experience your life. Carol Dweck and her brainology article In the brainology article Carol Dweck wrote, she claims that “Many students believe that intelligence is fixed, that each person has a certain amount and thats that. We call this a fixed mindset, and, as you will see, students with this mindset worry about how much of this fixed intelligence they possess. A fixed mindset makes challenges threatening for students (because they believe that their fixed ability may not be up to the task) and it makes mistakes and failures demoralizing (because they believe that such setbacks reflect badly on their level of fixed intelligence). Other students believe that intelligence is something that can be cultivated through effort and education. They dont necessarily believe that everyone has the same abilities, but they do believe that everyone can improve their abilities. In short, students with this growth mindset believe that intelligence is a potential that can be realized through learning. As a result, confronting challenges, profiting from mistakes, and persevering in the face of setbacks become ways of getting smarter.” Dweck goes on to explain through her research of following the academic progress of seventh graders how these two mindsets are created, where different thinking and decisions we make in life come from, if the mindset has influence on our lives and whether we can change the way of thinking. According to Dweck,- it turns out that we can change our mindsets to have a growth mindset if we are aware of the mindset we have now. This can help us to be more successful, teach us of challenging ourselves to reach new heights, never give up and motivate us to do more so to enhance our intelligence. Of course, having a growth mindset encourages learning and effort. If you truly believe you can improve at something, you will be much more driven to learn and practice. More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now So how can you build up and support a growth mindset and attitude? Having a growth attitude is not something conceptual or something no one but others can have. Its an incredible inverse: there are particular things you can do each day to sustain a development attitude. Gain some new useful knowledge consistently. It can be anything, from finding out about how things work, watch educational shows and series, keep on track on news on TV, read as much books as you can (the topic’s variety can be very beneficial here), take part in scientific workshops, seminar or conferences. Get your spare time booked for useful stuff, train your brain, develop yourself and improve each day. Be boundless in exploring new things. Find the activity which would fully engage you. It can be additional classes at school you have never tried before, some online lectures on the topics you are interested in to get yourself assigned to, or hobby sections you might attend with people who share the same interests and have minds alike. Such involvement will bring you to the point of exploring new things and broaden up your horizons in discovering something new and exciting. Encircle yourself with growth oriented individuals. Having people shared the interests of yours would inspire you in doing the things you might be struggling with, you could rely on their help in achieving something you were not able to do previously. Change your perspective of accomplishment. Sometimes we are desperately trying to accomplish something and achieve great results, but in the end, we don’t feel that we are happy with what we have, we are not sure if we receive the satisfaction in the end of the process. Well… Sometimes it is not about the achievements itself, but it is about the process of getting thing done. Our advice is, instead of believing that achievement is being the best, consider achievement putting forth a valiant effort, and dependably concentrate on enhancing the way you do your work and deal with your self-awareness. Change your comprehension of disappointment. Instead of seeing your disappointments as affirmation of your powerlessness to accomplish something, see a disappointment as a mishap: it can propel, enlightening, even a reminder. The writing of Carol Dweck is very interesting and leaves impression that educating yourself and training your brain is worth trying as our brain capacity is limitless. While reading her work, you can discover how we embrace a specific attitude about our capacities ahead of schedule in life because of messages we get from our condition, guardians, and instructors. So read it, enjoy it and give it a try!

Globalization Has Changed Over The World - 1416 Words

In the past few decades globalization has been rapidly intensifying, as nation states are being more and more interdependent towards one another culturally, politically and socially, the world has almost become a single network of complex relations between states. Although the definition of Globalization has varied and changed over the years and amongst theorist and scholars, globalization is nothing new, it has occurred since the dawn of time, rather its rate has intensified rapidly due to the advancement of technology. While Martin wolf interprets globalization as a â€Å"†¦journey, but toward an unreachable destination, the globalized world. A globalized economy in which neither distance nor national borders impede economic transactions. A world where the costs of transport and communication were zero and the barriers created by differing national jurisdictions had vanished† (Wolf, 2001: 178). An illustration of Wolfs summary for globalization could be interpreted thro ugh the European Union, in which assoicated states agree on the collective notion of democratic values and standards, its single currency Euro and its barrier free immigration policies make up the very essence of what Wolf is implying Globalization as. On the other hand, State Sovereignty is valued through the three fundamental ideas, ‘’absolute supremacy over internal affairs within its territory, absolute right to govern its people, and freedom from any external interference in the above matters† (Wang, 2004:Show MoreRelatedEssay Nations Should Promote Globalization, Not Localization1078 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and localization are two conflicting trends in international politics today. Globalization is the spread of peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, and currencies from one area of the world to another. (Rosenau 15) Localization is the narrowing of horizons and the confinement of peoples, activities, norms, ideas, goods, services, a nd currencies to a particular geographic area. (Rosenau 16) Globalization and localization affect the world’s countries in three main areas, politicsRead MoreGlobalization And Sexuality1247 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization may be defined as the process of opening up for interactions and relationships between people of different countries around the world. The people from the world can easily interact with each other leading to influence in behaviors and characters. Sexuality refers to how people relate to sexual activities or perceive sexual matters. Sexuality may differ from one culture to the other, but the cultures are likely to influence each other’s sexual beliefs and orientation. Globalization hasRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Current Era of Globalization with the First Age of Globalization (1850s-1920s). 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Advancements in technologyRead MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, andRead MoreGlobalization Is A Positive Way Or Negative Way?1034 Words   |  5 Pages3rd Dec 2015 Essay on Has Globalization Changed Global Politics in a Positive Way or a Negative way Globalization- Positive or Negative Globalization is one of the 21st century’s most important politics topic. I have heard the term globalization in my economics lecture and in political debates. 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In order to fully comprehend what it means to think globally and act locally, one must first look at how globalization and hybridity

Doré’s Engravings of Punishment of the Avaricious and the...

The artist Gustave Dorà © engraved the entire Divine Comedy in wood. One of these 136 engravings is Punishment of the Avaricious and the Prodigal. This piece is an accurate illustration of The Inferno’s Circle Four because it closely follows Dante’s description in the text, it is creative, and it is well illustrated. Dorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s depiction of Circle Four is accurate because it closely follows Dante’s description in the text. Dante and Virgil enter Circle Four. Dante notices that â€Å"Here the sinners were more numerous than elsewhere, and they, with great shouts, from opposite sides were shoving burdens forward with their chests† (Dante 7.25-27). In Dorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s illustration, the sinners push heavy weights around, and there appears to be a high consistency of people. From what the viewer can see of the sinners’ faces, they look like they are in pain and struggle. It is important that none of the sinners’ entire faces are exposed, as the text mentions that part of the punishment in Circle Four is that the sinners are rendered indistinguishable. Dante realizes that he cannot tell who any of the sinners are, and he asks Virgil why this is. Virgil responds: â€Å"The undiscerning life that made them foul now makes them hard to recognize† (Dante 7.53-54). Do rà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s illustration precisely reproduces Dante’s imagined Circle Four as seen through his following of the text. Dorà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s illustration of Circle Four is accurate because it is creative. In the illustration, the sinners push bags of money. Nowhere in

Employability and Entrepreneurship Free Essays

string(172) " depending on the size of the organization and sector and also whether the focus is on selling a product, service or raising awareness of an issue that affects the public\." 1. INTRODUCTION Employability is the combination of factors and processes that enable people to progress towards or get into employment, to stay in employment and to move in the workplace. The purpose of this report is to discuss the opportunities I as a graduate go through after the completion of my degree, what the employers are looking for in an employee, as well as the role marketers or marketing related careers play in enterprises, then finally the knowledge, skills and attitude I have and hope to obtain. We will write a custom essay sample on Employability and Entrepreneurship or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have always wanted to work in the marketing sector so I have compiled analysis of six different companies, which consist of large-scale companies, small, and medium sized companies. I have used a mixture of analysis to compare various methods that can be used to start a career in the marketing sector and also be successful in the field. I have decided to work in the marketing sector because it provides many job opportunities such as personal selling, advertising, packaging, transport, product development and retailing. 2. OCCUPATIONAL RESEARCH This section of the report would examine the factual reflections of the findings from the occupation. 2.1 Terms of reference The purpose of this report is to look at the graduate opportunities in the UK marketing sector. Research will be made on six different organisations in this sector. The main aim is to show what has to be achieved and how to achieve it. 2.2 Methodology The methods used to approach this research were carried out through primary and secondary resources. The primary research was used to exchange e-mails with one of the staffs of Business Monitor International and PKF to clarify some issues. However most of the research done on this report was from information gathered online which is the secondary research such as graduate job websites like prospect, inside careers and also watching some videos on employability. The companies’ websites were used to get more information. The organizations used in this reportare Standard Life, Glaxo Smith Kline, Akzo nobel corporate, Business monitor international, PKF and Sanofi Aventis. 2.3 Main findings In marketing, there are variety of challenging and interesting job opportunities such as retailing, market research, personal selling and wholesaling. In addition from my findings, there are so many individuals who are employed in non-business organizations that are also engaged in marketing activities. The skills from marketing are used to promote civic, political, cultural and charitable activities, even if an individual earns a living through marketing activities or performs them without compensation in non-business settings, the knowledge and skills gained from marketing are valuable assets. Our highly complex economy relies heavily on marketing activities. The economy produces the profits that are necessary for the growth of individual businesses and also provide health and ultimate survival for the economy as a whole. In essence the general employment trend must be known. According to the survey by BBC, it claims that graduate unemployment rose by 25%. The higher education poli cy institute said in December 2008 the unemployment level rose from 11.9% to 25% among graduates aged under 24. It also said that 17.2% of male graduates were out of work compared with 11.2% of females as at the end of 2009. The report from the institute came a day after a research body had warned that unemployed graduate level could hit record levels as a result of planned public spending cuts. The Higher Education Career Service Unit (HECSU) said that because so many college leavers join the public sector, they were especially vulnerable to cuts. According to the guardian survey, it claims that the unemployment figures are set to rise by 22,000. However those leaving university during the summer face the most difficult job market in more than a decade. There are up to 22,000 more graduate whom are likely to be unemployed this year compared to last figures. The Higher Education Career Service Unit (HECSU) calculated at least one in 10 of this summer’s graduates would not be successful to find a job after six months they leave university, which is equivalent to about 35,000 and 40,000 graduates out of the 350,000 leaving UK universities after first degrees. There are many opportunities for marketing degree holders. There are lots of organisations that are recruiting graduates in marketing or marketing related occupations. According to the Witan Jardine growth statistics marketing opportunities have grown by 47% from last year and experienced growth of 5% over the last quarter. The opportunities in the marketing financial sector grew by 30%, which made an increase of 29% over the last quarter. The media sector roles in marketing for graduates increased by 25% year on year. The professional services marketing roles have soared by 77% compared to January 2006. (Ambition, 2009) Marketing is a very popular career for graduates. Last year, there were 17,000 students who graduated with degrees in marketing, and the research by the Marketing and Sales Standard Setting Body (MSSSB) claims that 580,000 people in the UK are employed in marketing roles. (Inside careers, 2011) There are important roles for graduates in the marketing sector in the future especially those who want to go into retailing. The retail sector is said to accounts for more than 10% of jobs in England. There were 2,777,000 people employed in the retail sector in 2002, the amount of people employed in the retail sector was predicted to rise to 2,869,000 in 2005 and continued growth forecast through to 2012. In 2012 it is predicted that over 250,000 new jobs are expected in this sector. However, there is going to be replacement demand whereby there will be need for new people to replace those leaving the sector is predicted to be five times this figure, with sales and customer service occupations alone needing almost half a million people to replace those leaving the sector (National Guidance Research Forum, 2010). As a marketing graduate your responsibilities can vary depending on the size of the organization and sector and also whether the focus is on selling a product, service or ra ising awareness of an issue that affects the public. You read "Employability and Entrepreneurship" in category "Essay examples" A recent marketing degree holder can play roles in organization such as liaising and networking with wide range of stakeholders like colleagues, customers, partner organizations and suppliers. One could also communicate with his target audience and also managing their customers’ relationships. One can also generate advertising opportunities and placing adverts in the press locally, regional, national and specialist publications or on the radio, depending on the organization and the campaign. As a marketing degree holder, one could ensure there is effective distribution of marketing materials, and also maintain and update customer database. One could also attend and organize events such as seminars, conference, exhibition and receptions. Marketing graduate could organize marketing research such as creating customer questionnaire, focus groups and also contributing to the development of marketing plans and strategies (Prospects, 2009). These jobs are advertised in newspapers and magazines such as marketing week, they can also be found online in job search sites like prospects, graduate-jobs, inside careers etc. Based on the research done on the organisations, there are some key skills, knowledge and experience expected from a marketing graduate. These organisations are looking for people that are highly organized and proactive, with the ability to do different tasks simultaneously to meet deadlines. They are interested in people with the ability to work both independently and in a team environment. A core skill expected is ability to interact and maintain beneficial relationships with other teams across the business. High level of competency in Microsoft office, particularly excel is expected. They also search for people with good skills in leadership with ability to influence without authority in a matrix environment. They are a lso interested in people who have excellent written and verbal communication skills and also those that can speak good English. As a marketing graduate a lot is expected, only in very exceptional circumstances that organisations accept application from people who don’t meet their academic requirements. This means that the applicant has to provide strong justification for why the organisation should accept him/her. The minimum academic criteria expected by their organisations are minimum of at least 280 UCAS points with a first class or 2:1 degree. The selection process is done step by step. It is a chance for the graduate to show the organisation what they are made of and that they have the skills required. The first step is to fill in an online application form. This gives you the chance to tell the organisation a bit about yourself and also include your CV and cover letter. The second step is to take an online verbal and numerical reasoning test. The third step is a telephone interview to discuss your understanding of the role you have applied for. The forth step is to attend an assessment centre to meet members of the organisation. The fifth step is to receive an offer. 3. PERSONAL REFELCTION In this section of the report, I am going to reflect upon and evaluate my current skills, knowledge and experience in relation to the ones required by the organisation I have researched on. 3.1 Personal analysis During the course of my study, I developed some key skills such as working both independently and also as a group. I worked as a group in my coursework that enabled me to play roles like encouraging the group when motivation is low. During my research, I identified that I need good leadership skills. These leadership skills have been achieved as a group leader in university coursework that also enabled mi to take responsibility for the direction and action of the group. I have developed my interpersonal skills, I have also developed skills to be able to use my own initiative as well as problem solving skills. I strongly believe with my academic achievement, skills and experience, I definitely have a career in marketing. 3.2 CV Covering letter My CV and covering letter are addressed to Business monitor international. See appendix 3.3 Gap analysis Gap analysis is the space between where we are and where we want to be. I have developed some skills that I am confident in. I am confident in my team working skills. I have good interpersonal skills especially in the way I carry myself. In general I have most of the skills these organisations are looking for. However, there are some areas that I really need to focus my personal development like my presentation skills; I lack the confidence to speak in public. I also lack a little bit of computing skills such as using Microsoft office excel. I intend on improving the skills that I am weak at by going for public speaking programmes and career fares to improve on my confidence level. I also plan on using self guide on how to use Microsoft excel to improve on my computing skills. 3.4 Career action plan See appendix 6.3 page 11 4. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this research has given me wide range of knowledge about the recent employment trends for graduates in the marketing sector and also more knowledge about different roles and skills required. While I was doing this report, it helped me realise what knowledge and skills I have now. In general, my career action plan would also help me as a guideline to enable me meet my goals. 5. REFERENCES AND BIBILIOGRAPHY Akzo Nobel (2010) What do we look forAvailable at http://www.akzonobel.com/careers/graduates/what_we_look_for/index.aspx [Accessed 15th march 2011] Ambition (2008) Marketing Sales Recruitment Trends, Available at http://www.ambition.co.uk/sales-marketing-jobs/recruitment-trends.asp [Accessed 19th march 2011] BBC (2010) Graduate unemployment rate rises 25%, Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10500124 [Accessed 20th march 2011] Business Monitor International (2011) Employment listing, Available at https://www5jh.openhire.com/epostings/submit.cfm?fuseaction=app.jobinfojobid=173530company_id=1005source=ONLINEJobOwner=992284bycountry=1bystate=0bylocation=GB%2Ekeywords=byCat=38747tosearch [Accessed 14th march 2011] Glaxo Smith Kline (2010) Experienced hires: search and apply, Available at http://www.gsk.com/careers/uk-saa-jobsearch.htm [Accessed 15th march 2011] Inside career (2011) skills required for marketing, Available at http://www.insidecareers.co.uk/__802574D800556E37.nsf/id/7nwndntden!opendocument [Accessed 20th march 2011] National Guidance Research Forum (2010) LMI future trends, Available at http://www.guidance-research.org/future-trends/retail/info/futureemp [Accessed 20th march 2011] PKF accountants and business advisers (2010) The PKF experience, Available at http://www.pkf.co.uk/pkf/careers/work_experience/home [Accessed 15th march 2011] Prospects (2009). Marketing executive: Job description and activities, Available at http://ww2.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/marketing_executive_job_description.jsp [Accessed 22nd march Sanofi Aventis (2010). Job Details, Available at http://www24.i-grasp.com/fe/tpl_sanofiaventis01.asp?s=bkMjPUrEcTFkHhTczjobid=54551,2221122152key=12073363c=865256627269pagestamp=sewfxdjbvkssyzdycm [Accessed 22nd march 2011] Standard life (2011) sales and marketing, Available at http://www.standardlife.com/careers/graduates/grad_sales_marketing.html [Accessed 15th march 2011] The guardian (2009) Graduate unemployment figures set to rise by 22,000, Available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2009/jul/02/graduate-unemployment-rise-recession-jobs [Accessed 20th march 2011] How to cite Employability and Entrepreneurship, Essay examples

Traditional Markets and Digital Markets Essay Example

Traditional Markets and Digital Markets Essay 1. Definition on Traditional Markets and Digital Markets4 A. What is Traditional Markets? 5 B. What is Digital Markets? 5 2. Advantages of Traditional Markets6 3. Disadvantages of Traditional Markets7 4. Advantages of Digital Markets8 5. Disadvantages of Digital Markets9 6. Conclusion10 7. References11 Compare and contrast traditional markets with digital markets Definition of Traditional Markets and Digital Markets Traditional markets : Traditional market is a physical market brings buyers and sellers together in the same location and a medium that allows buyers and sellers of a specific good or service to interact in order to make an exchange. It is a product-based and formal. This kind of market is traditionally operating, and countless such markets are still in operation around the whole world. Digital markets : Digital market is a market that do not have a physical operation between the process of buying and selling otherwise using the non-physical markets ( internet or electronic markets) In digital markets, buyers can purchase goods and services through virtual market. In digital market, the buyers and sellers do not meet or interact physically, but the transaction process is done through internet. Examples- eBay , air tickets. What is Traditional Markets We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Markets and Digital Markets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Markets and Digital Markets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Markets and Digital Markets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Traditional markets are physical retail markets, and can be local markets or shopping centers and shopping malls, labor markets, international currency and commodity markets, stock markets, for the exchange of shares in corporations, illegal markets such as the market for illicit drugs, arms or pirated products. Traditional markets are preferred by most people because it provide the functions of touch, feel, visual, and more reliable. For example, importing a car from oversea buyers may like to see whether it has ny invisible damages or conditions though car sales centers( traditional market) allows to test drive and check until satisfied. Traditional market is simple, in exchanging the goods and service with money or goods and service in physically, two parties will be meet or connect physically ( including telephone and emails), the main fact is that two parties interact about the deals physically. What is Digital Markets Digital markets is deviate from the physical market with usi ng non-physical medium like internet. Digital market is start blooming when the information technology become more advanced and secure. Electronic markets make people more easier, save time and money( eg. transportation cost). But it still has a disadvantages like fraud, unseen, spam which can be effect to the trust of buyers and sellers. Digital market is based on the electronic markets like websites, virtual markets and auctions. Participants needs to have a general knowledge of computer to use well and avoid any incidents, are basically posted about goods and services with picture or sounds followed by price and it is seem similar to put a goods into a shelf in the market. Purchaser will made a payment using online transaction or notes. Advantages of Traditional Markets  ¬The advantages of traditional markets are- Physical: Traditional markets have a physical on the goods and service which can easily seen by the purchasers and persuade. This enable the business to be easily identify by customers. It also helps in building trust with customers by having a physical shop. Trust and user resistance: Consumers do not usually trust an faceless seller which they do not know but traditional markets allow consumers to interact with seller like bargain, choosing and checking the products. Product contact: Traditional markets allows consumers to touch and feel physically, sometime customers like to touch items such as clothes and like to know exactly what they are buying. Social : Participants can be feel and fulfill their psychological needs like shopping with sightseeing, enjoying the environment, socializing with people at market. Relationships: Usually worked for some time, traditional retailers have that asset that often cannot be bought like relationships between purchaser and seller. Many online retailers have to build these relationships from scratch nd may never be able to match those of the traditional markets Disadvantages of Traditional Markets The advantages of traditional markets are- More Cost: There will be more extra cost depends on the numbers of stuffs that involved to do the work. And that cost will be added to the basic selling price of the goods and service. As the salaries, renting costs, and expense are getting high, it can be a challenge for th e traditional market to run in long-term. Less choices: This can be problem because it may not have all the goods and services that needed by consumer in one place. Or may be out of stock. Inconvenience: It will be about the opening hours, size of the market, etc. Example, one want to shop and buy closely in the shop which is only open in his/her working hour, it will become a barrier. And for disable person shopping around big markets and shopping centers is totally difficult. Offer only in specific place: If the one who is far away from the market wants to shop and buy, this will be a loss for market because he/she cannot make a purchase. Advantages of Digital Markets The advantages of digital markets are- Easy to access: Internet/ websites can be available anywhere, work, home, etc. It enhance the convenience and reduce the shopping cost. Reduced Cost: Significantly cuts down the cost associated with marketing, customer care, processing, information storage and inventory management. Electronic commerce reduces the burden of infrastructure of businesses like physical store setups and raises the amount of funds available for profitable investment Effective: Gives the customers the opportunity to look for cheaper and quality products, consumers can easily research on a product and find out the original manufacturer to purchase a product at a much cheaper price than that charged by the wholesaler. More choices: Online commerce also offers buyers a wider range of products and services to choose from, as opposed to conventional shopping, without the carrying around heavy shopping bags and getting stuck in traffic jams, which likely to be more convenient and time-saving. Reviews: People also reviews posted by other customers, about the products purchased from a particular e-commerce site, which can help make purchasing decisions. Disadvantages of Digital Markets Security : There are many fraud and spam at internet. Many of visitors will not want to use their credit card to make a purchase. The fear of having credit card info stolen is a clear and present danger in the minds of visitors. No product contact: it is not suitable for goods like food items. People may prefer to shop in the old way than to use e-commerce for purchasing food products and other products that need to be felt and touched before purchasing. Returning: Returning the product and getting a refund can be even more difficult and time-consuming than traditional market, in case consumers are not satisfied with a purchased product. Lack of trust: People will not feels secure to make a purchase from a dealer who is faceless, unknown identity, no evidence. Internet is not fully used by all people in the world: Internet has still not touched the lives of a great number of people, either due to the lack of knowledge or trust. Conclusion Overall, Traditional and Digital Markets both have their advantages and disadvantages. All of these markets still use all over the world. And in these days, people are getting used to internet to make their purchases which benefit in saving time by avoid going to the store. Advantages of e-commerce have the potential to be more in the disadvantages. A proper strategy to solve the technical issues and to build customers trust in the system can change the present problems and help digital markets adapt to the changing needs of the world. References Blackwell, J. (2007) Overview of Traditional Marketing. [online] Available at: http://ezinearticles. com/? Overview-of-Traditional-Marketing=3741281236 [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Econsultancy (2013) Future of Digital Marketing. [online] Available at: http://econsultancy. om/my/events/fodmdk [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. En. wikipedia. org (n. d. ) Market Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Market [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. En. wikipedia. org (2009) Digital marketing Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Digital_marketing [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013]. Jcizzo. com (n. d. ) Traditional Commerce. [online] Available at: http:// jcizzo. com/the-traditional-commerce. html [Accessed: 27 Feb 2013].

Adventure Trek A Partnership Of Three Persons Tourism Essay Example

Adventure Trek A Partnership Of Three Persons Tourism Essay Example Adventure Trek A Partnership Of Three Persons Tourism Essay Adventure Trek A Partnership Of Three Persons Tourism Essay Adventure Trek a partnership of three individuals, will be a young person summer cantonment in Malaysia. The cantonment is designed entirely for kids and teens between the ages of 10 and 17 old ages old. The focal point is merely be on holding merriment but besides on assisting childs to larn about the importances of populating a healthy active life style every bit good as aid in the development of kids and teens by supplying an environmentally friendly environment in which the kids can farther develop their outdoor accomplishments. Adventure Trek is non your traditional weight loss cantonment because it combines the attempts to acquire immature people active together with fun developmental activities to promote childs to appreciate the value of acquiring back to the out-of-doorss for merriment. It is surprisingly fun yet effectual. The cantonment will be located on the West side of Malaysia in a town called Port Dickson which boasts 18km s of white flaxen beach. At the cantonment childs can bask a broad assortment of interesting activities from out-of-doorss to indoors for illustration snorkelling, stone mounting, obstruction class, jungle trekking, swimming/ H2O athleticss, gym, dance categories ( These will be farther discussed in 2.3 ) . Each kid is given the chance to seek out new, merriment and adventuresome activities which will assist them accomplish the end of acquiring physically active and cultivating engagement of squad edifice. The operating hours and yearss of the cantonment will be all twelvemonth unit of ammunition except the month of Ramadan in August and September. During this clip it will be the camp staff s vacation and the cantonment will be closed for an one-year deferral. In Malaya it is slightly different when it comes to school vacations as there are no long summer vacation for the public schools. There are a sum of 78 yearss vacation throughout the twelvemonth ( Ministry of instruction, 2010 ) The cantonment evidences will include installations such as a immense athleticss field suiting assorted activities, a 25m swimming pool and an outside paintball sphere. A monolithic diversion hall will be the common country, which will house the kitchen and eating country, staff offices including the ill bay, public country lavatories every bit good as a phase country for activities such as dance categories or executing humanistic disciplines. A mounting wall, obstruction class, and a tree swing can besides be found on the cantonment evidences. The Camp will besides be run in an environmentally sound and responsible mode ( Further information is found in 2.2 product/ services ) . Rationale for development of the concern Malayan society has changed alot over the past few decennaries every bit good as Malaysia is besides going more urbanized which necessarily brings about assorted signifiers of population alterations. Such alterations are besides related to the alterations in the Malaysians wellness. One noticeable alteration is in the diet of the Malaysian population which has become more and more like that of Westerners which has resulted in higher rates of overweight/ fleshiness which contributes to the many diseases ( bosom A ; circulative disease, diabetes etc. ) which they suffer from ( Lit, 2010 ) . When reading the newspapers there are now more articles on overweight/ fleshiness and the increasing wellness tendencies to assist contend this issue. A recent statement made by the Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai said that fleshiness is going the major wellness issue with the figure of corpulent people about trebling in the past 15 old ages from four per cent in 1996 to 14 per cent in 2010 ( Simon, 2010 ) . This includes childhood fleshiness which is already an epidemic in Malaysia, with a study ( after a big graduated table survey was conducted in 2000 ) of 11 % of kids between the ages of six and twelve were fleshy and 6 % were corpulent ( Chin, 2007 ) . It is no secret that Malaysia is good known for its broad assortment of nutrients and the fact that Malaysians love their nutrient ; nevertheless unhealthy picks are frequently made due to clip restraints or convenience. Children are exposed to fast nutrients and influenced by their seniors eating wonts, alternatively of proper place cooked alimentary repasts they are given a diet of unhealthy and high degrees of proteins, fat, sugar and salt every bit good as they are non encouraged to make regular exercising ( Lit, 2010 ) The Governments engagement in advancing a healthy life style to Malaysians could be an advantage to this concern because it could ship on the promotional run or be a signifier of support to the Government. Therefore from the above research it is apparent that such an constitution will assist contend the lifting conflict against child fleshiness in Malaysia and contribute to the universe broad thrust against it. This young person cantonment will be both educational and good to assisting cut down the hazard of fleshiness through physical activity and sound nutrition every bit good as conveying something new to Malaysians. Product/ Service Description Adventure Trek will be able to suit 100 campers ab initio nevertheless this figure will turn as the cantonment does, the same goes for the figure of activities as clip goes on the cantonment will go on to spread out and add more and more activities. First the cantonment is for childs and teens between the ages of 8 and 17 old ages old, due to the noticeable fleshiness addition in kids and teens between these ages ( Ismail A ; Vickneswary, 1999 ; Ismail A ; Tan, 1998 cited in Sidik A ; Ahmad, 2004, pg 2 ) . The cantonment will run during all the school vacations for a longer stay and so weekends it will suit those who are interested in shorter corsets. When it is non holiday season, the cantonment will still be unfastened and schools will be invited to fall in in the merriment as portion of their school Tourss, this will busy the hebdomad yearss or weekends. As antecedently mentioned the cantonment is closed during the Ramadan fasting month which takes topographic point during the month of August to September each twelvemonth. The adjustment at Adventure Trek will be long houses for campers ; these are Malayan traditional houses which will be divided for misss and male childs individually, and including the bathrooms. The houses will hold electric mercantile establishments, storage infinite every bit good as bunk beds for kiping which assistance in maximizing the usage of infinite, nevertheless kids are to convey their ain bedclothes and towels. Each long house will suit up to a upper limit of 25 campers every bit good as infinite for one counselor to oversee at dark. Meals at the cantonment will be good balanced and alimentary and the bill of fare will be designed by a qualified dietician who is employed on a portion clip footing to revise bill of fare programs and look into on readyings. The cantonment accommodates specific dietetic demands every bit good as vegetarians and all repasts will be Halaal ( Refer to Appendix XX for a sample bill of fare ) At Adventure Trek there is no clip for ennui because there are a figure of activities of all sorts to maintain campers happy and active. First the land activities will include the undermentioned. An obstruction class which includes a mounting wall, this activity is a great manner of acquiring campers active and develops squad work and spirit. Campers, depending on the size, will be grouped with a counselor and each group will vie against each other. Jungle trekking another good signifier of physical activity which besides gets campers involved in nature and appreciate their milieus. There is besides a gym for campers to utilize and during the stay, little groups will be assigned a specific clip to travel in and utilize the gym for 20 30 proceedingss. Whilst one group is at gym the others will fall in in the dance classes or take portion in field games like association football or rugger. During the vacation periods when campers will normally remain for longer periods and if possible the cantonment will seek invite guest talkers to give a short but motivational and educational addresss to the campers and hopefully this AIDSs in advancing healthier lifestyles.. The immense pool is non merely for chilling off but games like H2O Polo can be played. The beach activities will include, cricket, fusillade ball, sand palace competitions. Sea athleticss such as organic structure surfing or boogie embarkation, swimming or snorkelling will be enjoyed by campers when traveling to the beach. Night activities will be kept to a minimum as the yearss are long and filled with really physically active activities therefore campers need their remainder at dark. However there will be some activities at dark such as a cantonment fire dark or BBQ portion darks, hoarded wealth and scavenger Hunts, play skits where groups are assigned a subject and they need to execute a drama based on that subject. These activities are more focussed on squad work and let campers to acquire to cognize each other better and mingle. There is a good mix of land, H2O and escapade activities for all campers to bask and profit from every twenty-four hours all twenty-four hours. Campers are divided into groups upon reaching and assigned two cantonment counselors ( male A ; Female ) who are with them from their reaching to their going, they portion take in activities and slumber in the several cabin to oversee campers. ( Refer to appendix XXX for a typical twenty-four hours at Adventure Trek for campers ) Designation of Market Niche The mark markets for the cantonment are kids and teens from the ages of 8-17.This is because there has been a noticeable fleshiness addition in kids between the ages of 7-10 and 13-17 old ages old and great focal point has been place on turn toing the issue of child fleshiness ( Ismail A ; Vickneswary, 1999 ; Ismail A ; Tan, 1998 cited in Sidik A ; Ahmad, 2004, pg 2 ) . The cantonment will be located on the West of Malaysia in Port Dickson but unfastened to the whole of Malaysia every bit good as neighboring states, aiming largely those urban and suburban countries. By looking at the age construction of the population in Appendix XXX statistics, we know that the bulk of population is between 15 to 64 old ages and there is a good per centum of 15 old ages and below ( to supply ages 10-15years old ) . Thus my cantonment will aim the ages 8 until 17 old ages old as it is a young person cantonment with the purpose to assist cut down kid and adolescent fleshiness. The cantonment will a im those kids and teens of center to upper category households who have more of a disbursement power including that of exiles shacking in Malaysia who have kids and teens and it is normally those kids from the urban countries who are exposed to such bad eating wonts ( Lit, 2010 ) . Mission Statement At Adventure Camp the mission is to supply a merriment, safe and adventuresome environment for campers to acquire physically active every bit good as better on ego development. It is besides our mission to be known as the best young person cantonment in Asia. This will be made possible with the friendly, enthusiastic and difficult working staff employed, every bit good as the greatly designed day-to-day activity agendas. The tag line for Adventure Camp will be: Where the escapade begins and the merriment neer stops! Market Environment Environmental Scan It is of import to make an environmental scan in order to place all the factors that might impact the constitution of Adventure Trek as they will convey about either chances or menaces. The usage of PESTEL is the most common tool for measuring the macro environment ( Johnson et al. , 2008 ) . ( Refer to appendices XXX for farther inside informations ) SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: First there is no other cantonment like this in Malaysia and so it has the strength that it has no direct competition. There is a clear market niche and based on the demographics the figure of kids aged 15years and below make up 27.2 % of the population and there is a good birth rate in Malaysia ( index mundi, 2010 and Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010 ) . Partnership which includes one proprietor with a Degree in Hospitality Industry Management, has knowledge in Events and PR industry every bit good as a Certified TESOL English Language Teacher, other two proprietors have concern accomplishments and old ages of working experience. Equally good as a partnership allows for a easier set up every bit good as it increases the sum of capital and spreads the work burden. Failings: The cost to put up the cantonment is high. Environmentalism and its restraints. Opportunities: Health related field has a possible due to the societal economic alterations in Malaysia.Today s people are going more wellness witting therefore a turning wellness sector. Will raise the consciousness of fleshiness and hopefully derive the Governments support. Recovery in the economic system. Low cost of local labor and unemployment rate at 5 % Partnership allows for enlargement and the figure of spouses are limitless. Menaces: First clip concern proprietor ( myself Bronwyn ) therefore a deficiency of concern accomplishments or experience. Children over the age of 16 may desire to travel to a gym instead than go to a fat loss cantonment and the ignorance of people believing that fleshiness is non a critical issue or parents experiencing ashamed that their kids are corpulent therefore non directing them to the cantonment. Adventure touristry, Theme or H2O Parkss pose as competition. Turning fast-food industry, which influence and encourages kids to eat unhealthily. The states GDP growing and the planetary menace of recession. Marketing Aims Adventure Trek aims to accomplish a interruption even net income within XX old ages. Aim to hold XXX campers in the first twelvemonth. 75 % of Campers should be satisfied with their cantonment experience and at least 40 % will return. Increase the consciousness of fleshiness amongst kids and teens by 80 % in one twelvemonth. Be one of the top three picks amongst kids and teens for physical activity besides school and extracurricular activities. Marketing Mix Strategy The generic scheme to be used for the cantonment is a distinction scheme without monetary value premium, which provides merchandises or services that offer benefits different from rivals and are widely valued by purchasers ( Johnson et al. , 2008 pg 225 A ; 229 ) . Merchandise Adventure Trek is a young person cantonment which caters to kids from 10-17 year old, with a figure of physical outdoor and indoor activities. Its characteristics include stay over s for campers supplying comfy adjustment, bathrooms, alimentary repasts and many merriment and physical activities. The advantage is that it is a convenient manner for childs to acquire physically active every bit good as assist them to larn to populate a healthier lifestyle all in one topographic point. It enables them to do new friends and larn how to farther develop themselves and larn how to take portion in squad edifice activities. The benefit of go toing this cantonment is that it is fun and effectual every bit good as a good bonding experience for kids that leaves them experiencing good all unit of ammunition and encourages a healthier life style and better interaction. This is non your regular childs cantonment or merriment park because it is a topographic point where kids non merely have fun but l arn how to develop themselves through the different challenging and educational activities which enable them to larn more about themselves, forcing their bounds and interacting together with many other kids from all walks of life, Therefore it is clear Adventure Camp sets itself apart from any possible rivals. Monetary value Not certain yet as financials are confounding me! Promotion Purposes: To do 50 % of the parents and their kids in and around Port Dickson aware of the cantonment Make each visit a memorable one. Educate and instil a healthier lifestyle determinations in kids and teens, promoting them to portion take in at least 1 physical activity per twenty-four hours. Encourage at least 25 % of campers to return. Communication Channelss: In order to accomplish the promotional aims the undermentioned mix of promotional tools will be used. ( Refer to 2.5 for the promotional tactics and programmes ) Advertising- Newspapers, Magazines, circulars. Website Place/ Distribution Adventure Trek will be located in Port Dickson, a big municipality with about 90 000 occupants which is situated an hr from Kuala Lumpur. It is a celebrated and beautiful tourer finish particularly for the environing metropoliss to get away to on weekends due to the 18km stretch of white flaxen beaches ( Wikipedia, 2010 ) . This is the perfect location which is cardinal to the capital Kuala Lumpur where a big part of the targeted markets will come from every bit good as neighboring are Malacca and Penang, and so it is easy for kids to go to the cantonment whether it be for holidaies or weekends. Port Dickson besides provides a save and clean beach for some of the activities offered at Adventure Trek therefore doing it a desirable location. There are no distribution channels because Adventure Trek is a physical location where kids come to us to bask our services, nevertheless the web site will be available to do engagements and acquire an expression at what the cantonment has to offer . Peoples At Adventure Trek it is indispensable to hold the right people, with the right experience at the right topographic point and the right clip because without them the cantonment would non be successful. Camp counselors need to be enthusiastic, vivacious and surpassing with a acute involvement in physical activity both indoor and out-of-door including swimming. In order to obtain such a dynamic squad the Human Resource section demands to first set up the company s policies and processs in line with the missions statement. Items such as frock codifications, work environment, the civilization etc should be established. Then the organisations benefits construction and program should be created followed by placing the figure of staff needed. Once this figure is decided on, a enlisting program needs to be created every bit good as implemented and carried through to choice, merely so can an effectual preparation process take topographic point ( eHow, 2010 ) . ( More on the HRM can be found i n the subdivision 3.0 ) Procedure The service at Adventure Trek will be standardised. More information can be found in subdivision 4.4 and 4.5. Physical The cantonments physical environment: Decoration The focal point is non on how the environment looks more on the activities but to guarantee campers feel comfy in their milieus therefore the cantonments decor will be kept simple and the usage of bright happy colors on and in the chief edifice. The cabins will stay reliable with no pigment added to keep that existent log cabin feel. There will besides be alot of natural exuberant verdure around the cantonment adding coloring material to the cantonment. Furniture Furniture at the cantonment will besides be kept simple yet comfy. Inside the cabins wooden sand traps will be for the campers to kip on every bit good as some storage infinite for them to maintain their properties. The canteen country for feeding will be furnished with normal trestle tabular arraies with stackable chairs, this manner they can be multipurpose and moved about every bit good as easy to clean and keep. Positioning Statement Adventure Trek offers a alone service that is fun yet effectual and neer done earlier in Malaysia, targeted to kids and teens ages 10-17 old ages old that are non really active or have a weight job or merely childs looking to hold merriment. 2.5 Tacticss and Programs Given that Adventure Trek is a new concern the usage of a assortment of promotional and communicating tools would be the best option in order to accomplish the selling aims. Methods: Ad will be the chief promotional tool used on an on-going footing in order to inform, persuade and remind clients from the start and as clip base on ballss. First in order to present and inform the mark market about the constitution of the cantonment circulars will be printed and distributed a month before the gap of the cantonment. These circulars will include information such as what is Adventure Trek, the location, clip, and how to register every bit good as, mentioning those interested to the chief web site every bit good as a contact. These circulars will be sent to some of the schools in Port Dickson every bit good as distribute in shopping promenades in Port Dickson, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Penang on weekends during peak times. The circulars will besides be converted into postings which are larger and these will be sent to schools in Port Dickson, Malacca and Kuala Lumpur, aiming chiefly the international schools which are made up of a mix of Malayan including aliens. A 2nd batch of circulars will be made up one time the cantonment opens and these will once more be distributed in the assorted towns shopping promenades. A intelligence release will be in the paper prior to the gap, with periodical advertizements placed in the newspapers. ( See appendix XX for farther item on timing ) . A comprehensive web site will besides be up and running prior to opening and from so on available 365days a twelvemonth 24/7. We will besides advance our service to the Ministry of Health and hopefully they can hold infirmaries and specializers refer kids and teens to us who are enduring from weight/ fleshiness related jobs. Selling Budget The entire selling budget is estimated at RM xxxx per twelvemonth. ( Refer to appendices xxx for a full interruption down ) Management Plan Business Structure Adventure Trek will be a partnership which is when two or more persons join together and make up ones mind to unite capital and work. The spouses are all joint proprietors of the concern and therefore portion the net incomes every bit good as hazards ( inverstorwords, 2010 ) . In the instance of Adventure Trek there will be three spouses every bit joined to get downing up and running the concern. This will assist with distributing non merely the hazard but every bit good as the work burden and increase the sum of capital invested. Management Structure, Function and Rational Initially the squad at Adventure Trek will be little nevertheless a diverse clump who are capable of executing multiple undertakings. For a full account of the administration including a chart please refer to Appendices XXX. Forces and Remuneration Policies As described in subdivision 2.4 under people, Adventure Trek will hold a policy and processs manual for all staff members that will clearly sketch the companies civilization, the work environment, the hours of work, frock codification, benefits, regulations and ordinances. Adventure Trek is a merriment and adventuresome environment which incorporates a multicultural work force from all walks of life. The on the job hours are long nevertheless it is a honoring occupation for those who are truly committed to their function. The employment process at Adventure Trek begins with placing the staff needs at the cantonment. Once these are determined a recruitment process will take topographic point get downing with occupation posters in newspapers and on the web site every bit good as headhunting. Once an equal figure of appliers are received the questioning procedure can take topographic point which is carried out by the three directors followed by the choice procedure. Campaigners need to run into the making specified in the occupation stations. After the choice procedure counselors will undergo a four twenty-four hours intensive preparation class which will fit them with the necessary accomplishments to execute good at the cantonment. Staff are continuously monitored and assessed each twelvemonth on their public presentation. Sing the benefits for employees, Adventure Trek has fixed monthly wages for staff members. They besides receive benefits such as repasts provided ; counselors are provided adjustment whilst on responsibility. ( Refer to appendix XX for a dislocation of wages ) . Creditor A ; debitor policies with clear principle Operationss Plan Location Adventure Trek will be located in Port Dickson a beautiful attractive force merely outside of Kuala Lumpur. It has an 18km stretch of white sandy beach which makes it the ideal topographic point for the cantonment ( mention to Appendix XX for the location Map and land ) . The lease is estimated at RM15, 000 per month for a 2.5 acre piece of land located on the beach. The land is located on Jalan Pantai, Mukim Pasir Panjang, Negeri Sembilan. Equipment Needed Adventure Trek has a high initial start up cost and equipment costs. The entire cost of equipment for the full cantonment is estimated at RM80,000 and the building costs at RM220,000.For a complete list of equipments and building costs please mention to appendix Thirty Standard Operational Procedures Key point of services for phone calls or walk in s: The phone should merely pealing a upper limit of three times before being answered and walk in clients should be attended to instantly before being ask to take a place. Customers are to be asked how they can be helped. Over the phone employees are to stay unagitated and gracious. If its face to face they should keep oculus contact and smiling at the clients every bit good as remain unagitated and gracious. Ensure that the clients questions are answered or a valid answer is given. The name, telephone and electronic mail reference is to be taken down of all calls and walk in clients. Employee should ever stop the conversation with thank you, adieus and bask your twenty-four hours Immediately take attention of any questions or affairs after the client has left. Selling method and hard currency up process Adventure Trek will accept hard currency, checks every bit good as recognition cards for all minutess. And the appointive secretaries or the directors will manage the banking processs weekly in order to maintain a good record of incoming gross revenues. No hard currency will be left on the cantonment after hours in order to cut down any hazards. Entree to website Adventure Treks web site is really of import as it is one of the promotional tools every bit good as a manner for clients to post questions and derive information about the cantonment. Thus the web site needs to be monitored daily by the directors every bit good as secretaries who need to look into for any new questions and respond to them within a upper limit of 48hours. Customers will besides be able to do reserves to go to the cantonment therefore it s of import that the secretaries closely monitor their electronic mails as to look out for any new reserves which they will be alerted by electronic mail. The web site is besides a good manner of detecting any feedback from campers and visitants to the web site. Reservations Reservations are strongly recommended to clients instead than walk Immigration and Naturalization Services as it may be let downing should they come without a reserve merely to larn the cantonment is to the full booked. Reservations are handled by the secretaries on responsibility. A signifier is to be filled up when a reserve is made, whether it is face to face over the phone or on the web site ( which will supply an electronic signifier to be filled up and submitted ) . It will besides function as the enrollment signifier for the camper, including all the necessary of import inside informations of both the camper and their defender. Ailments Should any ailments arise thy will instantly be attended to by either one of the directors. And action will be taken should the guilty party prevarication within Adventure Trek. Quality Assurance Procedures

Frankenstein Quotes Explained

Frankenstein Quotes Explained The following Frankenstein quotes address the novels key themes, including the pursuit of knowledge, the power of nature, and human nature. Discover the meaning of these important passages, as well as how each quote connects to the novels broader themes. Quotes About Knowledge It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in it highest sense, the physical secrets of the world. (Chapter 2) This statement is made by Victor Frankenstein at the start of the novel as he recounts his childhood to Captain Walton. The passage is significant for outlining the main obsession Frankensteins life: achieving intellectual enlightenment. This ambition, combined with a desire for glory, is Frankensteins driving force, motivating him to excel in his studies at university and later to create the monster. Yet, we later learn, the fruits of this labor are rotten. Frankenstein is horrified by his creation, and in turn the monster kills everyone that Frankenstein loves. Thus, Shelley seems to be asking whether such an ambition is a worthwhile goal, and whether such knowledge is truly enlightening. The â€Å"secrets† mentioned in this passage continue to appear throughout the novel. In fact, much of Frankenstein revolves around the secrets of life- things that are hard or impossible to understand. While Frankenstein discovers the physical and metaphysical secrets, his creation is obsessed with more philosophical secrets of life: what is the meaning of life? What is the purpose? Who are we? The answers to these questions are left unsolved. So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein - more, far more, will I achieve; treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation. (Chapter 3) In this quote, Frankenstein describes his experience at university. He personifies his soul- â€Å"the soul of Frankenstein†- and claims that his soul told him he would discover the secrets of the world. This quote plainly lays out Frankensteins ambition, his hubris, and his ultimate downfall. Frankenstein seems to suggest that his desire to be the greatest pioneer of science is an innate characteristic and a predetermined fate, thus removing any responsibility over his actions. Frankensteins desire to push beyond the limits of humanity is a flawed goal that sets him on a path of misery. As soon as the creature is completed, Frankensteins beautiful dream turns into a deformed, hideous reality. Frankensteins achievement is so disturbing that he runs away from it immediately. The die is cast; I have consented to return if we are not destroyed. Thus are my hopes blasted by cowardice and indecision; I come back ignorant and disappointed. It requires more philosophy than I possess to bear this injustice with patience. (Chapter 24) Captain Walton writes these lines in a letter to his sister at the close of the novel. After listening to Frankenstein’s tale, and faced with an unrelenting storm, he decides to return home from his expedition. This conclusion demonstrates that Walton has learned from Frankensteins story. Walton was once an ambitious man in search of glory like Frankenstein. Yet through Frankenstein’s tale, Walton realizes the sacrifices that come with discovery, and he decides to prioritize his own life and the lives of his crew members over his mission. Although he says that he is filled with â€Å"cowardice† and that he comes back â€Å"disappointed† and â€Å"ignorant,† this ignorance is what saves his life. This passage returns to the theme of enlightenment, reiterating that the singleminded search for enlightenment makes a peaceful life impossible. Quotes About Nature I remembered the effect that the view of the tremendous and ever-moving glacier had produced upon my mind when I first saw it. It had then filled me with a sublime ecstasy, that gave wings to the soul, and allowed it to soar from the obscure world to light and joy. The sight of the awful and majestic in nature had indeed always the effect of solemnizing my mind and causing me to forget the passing cares of life. I determined to go without a guide, for I was well acquainted with the path, and the presence of another would destroy the solitary grandeur of the scene. (Chapter 10) In this quote, Frankenstein details his solitary trip to Montanvert to grieve the death of his brother William. The â€Å"sublime† experience of being alone in the harsh beauty of the glaciers calms Frankenstein. His love for nature and the perspective it provides is invoked throughout the novel. Nature reminds him that he is just a man, and therefore powerless to the great forces of the world. This â€Å"sublime ecstasy† gives Frankenstein a kind of enlightenment wholly different from the scientific knowledge he sought through chemistry and philosophy. HIs experiences in nature are not intellectual, but rather emotional and even religions, allowing his soul to â€Å"soar from the obscure world to light and joy.† He is reminded here of nature’s ultimate power. The â€Å"tremendous and ever-moving glacier† is more permanent than humankind will ever be; this reminder calms Frankensteins anxiety and grief. Nature allows him to experience the transcendence he hoped he would find in his search for true knowledge. Quotes About Humanity These thoughts exhilarated me and led me to apply with fresh ardour to the acquiring the art of language. My organs were indeed harsh, but supple; and although my voice was very unlike the soft music of their tones, yet I pronounced such words as I understood with tolerable ease. It was as the ass and the lap-dog; yet surely the gentle ass whose intentions were affectionate, although his manners were rude, deserved better treatment than blows and execration. (Chapter 12) In this quote, the creature relays part of his story to Frankenstein. The creature compares his experience in the De Lacey cottage to the fable of the ass and the lap-dog, in which the ass pretends to be a lap dog and gets beaten for his behavior. While living in the De Lacey cottage, strove to gain acceptance from the family despite his harsh appearance. However, the De Lacey family did not treat him with acceptance; instead, they attacked him. The creature sympathizes with the affectionate intentions of the ass and argues that the violent treatment of the gentle ass is reprehensible. The creature clearly sees a parallel to his own story. He understands that he is different from others, but his intentions are good, and he desires acceptance and approval. Tragically, he never receives the approval he yearns for, and his alienation turns him into a violent monster. This passage points to one of the novels essential points: the idea that judgment based on external appearances is unjust, but is nevertheless a tendency of human nature. The quote also raises the question of ultimate responsibility for the murders committed by the creature. Should we blame only the creature, or do those who were cruel to give him a chance to prove his humanity deserve some of the blame? I was dependent on none and related to none. The path of my departure was free, and there was none to lament my annihilation. My person was hideous and my stature gigantic. What did this mean? Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? What was my destination? These questions continually recurred, but I was unable to solve them. (Chapter 15) In this quote, the creature asks the fundamental questions of life, death, and identity. At this point in the novel, the creature has only recently come to life, but by reading Paradise Lost and other works of literature, he has found a way to question and reflect on his life and its meaning. Unlike Frankenstein, who searches for the scientific secrets of human life, the creature asks philosophical questions about human nature. By bringing the creature to life, Frankenstein succeeds in his inquiry, but that form of scientific â€Å"enlightenment† cannot answer the creatures existential questions. This passage suggests that science can only go so far in helping us understand the world, as it cannot answer our existential and moral questions. Accursed creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image; but my form is a filthy type of yours, more horrid even from the very resemblance. Satan had his companions, fellow devils, to admire and encourage him, but I am solitary and abhorred. (Chapter 15) In this quote, the creature compares himself to Adam and Frankenstein to God. According to the creature, Adam is â€Å"beautiful† and â€Å"alluring in the image of the almighty, but Frankenstein’s creation is â€Å"filthy† and â€Å"horrid.† This contrast demonstrates the stark difference between the abilities of God and the abilities of Frankenstein. Frankensteins work has been a crude attempt to wield the power of creation, and according to the creature, his hubris is rewarded with wretchedness, ugliness, and loneliness. Furthermore, Frankenstein will not take responsibility for his creation by taking the creature under his wing; thus, the creature considers himself even more solitary and abhorred than Satan. By pointing out Frankensteins folly, the creature again points out the dangers of attempting to go beyond ones own humanity by seeking God-like glory.

Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coming of Age in Mississippi - Essay Example Through Anne’s development of virtues and faults, one gets to visualise a real picture of discrimination based on colour and gender. A reader has to fight with what the author believes in throughout the book, and gets drawn into her deeds that one can cheer when the actions are justified or shy away when someone is treated unfairly. Using her memories, the author invites the reader to imagine a young girl growing up in Mississippi. During her entire life, Moody dealt with hardships that most people could not imagine, but due to her experiences, Anne gains the heroin qualities. How Moody deals with the questions of gender in her life and in her book As Moody grows up, she notes that there are different roles and misconceptions associated with each gender and race. She realizes the way women are treated and she struggles to make sure that they do not hinder her from achieving the best she could be. In the book, she depicts her everyday life in detail as a teenage lady being brou ght up in the pre-civil rights times in the South. Her maturity and experience become tools that she utilizes to cope up with gender inequality within her society and the family to develop into a woman she desired. Through most of her youthful experiences, Moody manages the question of gender by learning its social importance on her own since her mother avoids dealing with the issue as she feels that nothing regarding the societal believes about women can be changed. The insufficiency of information on society that Moody received from her mother made her to explore even further on life issues on her own and critique the standard of that era, rather than incorporating herself into a society that seemed so unfair and disgracing. Anne Moody proudly and confidently uses her observations of the various social aspects to determine her individual identity as a tough black woman who is ready and willing to stand up for what she considers right with hopes of future success and progress for A frican Americans (Moody 280). How white supremacy affect gender related experiences among and between the black and white communities According to Moody, white supremacy restrains black women to take up certain roles in the working environments and acts as a hindrance to equal rights in terms of wages. Quality education is also given to white women at the expense of the blacks. For instance, the author argues that the only option that was availed to her uneducated mother was working as a house help for a worthless pay. This forced Anne to take the burden of working to support her family while still at school (Moody 300). It is further depicted that white women were given more respect and their rights protected more than the blacks of both genders. Meddling with the life of a white woman meant that the black person associated with the action would face serious consequences. For example, Moody says that a 14-year old black man from Chicago was murdered merely for allegedly whistling a t a young white woman. This made Moody to conclude that white supremacy was too stern that any black person could be killed simply for his or her colour. At some point in time, Moody tries to depict that whites were always superior and that their wrong deeds were not treated with serious consequences as did for male blacks. This is illustrated in the book when Moody gives a picture of her life in high school when a white police administrator was caught having a love affair with a black teenage girl. It is quite obvious in this context that the act brought them

Turkey's membership of EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Turkey's membership of EU - Essay Example This of course leaves the very prominent case of the nation of Turkey. Although not technically a part of â€Å"Europe† proper, Turkey has been highly desirous of EU membership for quite some time now and has been a valuable trading partner as well as maintaining a definitively close political and economic connection with both France and Germany; arguably the two most prominent members of the European Union. Within this context and considering this particular reality, this analysis will seek to discuss some of the major issues that currently serve as an impediment to this taking place as well as analyzing some of the key factors that serve to encourage the inclusion of Turkey as a future member of the European Union. Firstly, from the geographic standpoint, those that argue against Turkish inclusion in the European Union would be quick to point out that 97% of the entire nation of Turkey is not within the continent of Europe (Simpson, 2013). However, as history has noted time and again, Turkey serves as a valuable bridge between Europe and Asia/Mid-East and the inclusion of such a partner would definitively strengthen the ties that these regions could express in terms of trade and economic resilience. Secondly, from the perspective of economics, those that are against Turkish inclusion in the European Union might point to the fact that the GDP of the average Turkish citizen is nearly ? of what the GDP of the average EU citizen enjoys (Jameson, 2013). However, the fact of the matter is that Turkey’s economy has experienced stellar and rapid growth over the past few decades and stands in a very good position to overtake some of the EU’s weaker members in terms of GDP output per citizen within the next several years. Thirdly, from the political standpoint, naysayers would argue that the politics of Turkey are not advanced enough as compared to the mature European style democracies that are invariably evidenced within the other member states of the EU (Hancock, 2012). Although it is true that the nation of Turkey does not have a long history of democratic process as compared to the nations of Europe, it has managed to strike a pluralistic balance between elements of Islamic forces, the military, and a league of social democrats; exhibiting the very epitome of what a democracy should promote – understandings and cooperation between disparate groups of people. Ultimately, if given the chance to decide whether or not Turkey should be admitted into the European Union, it would be the decision of this author that this should indeed take place. The rational for this is nuanced. Firstly, it is clear that Europe has lost a great deal of skilled and unskilled manufacturing jobs over the past several decades to the developing nations in Asia and elsewhere. As a result of this, inclusion of a nation that is currently rapidly industrializing will bolster the overall economic strength that Europe can bring to bear on the intern ational level. Secondly, whereas the population of â€Å"old Europe† has continued to decline, and is on course for even further decline in the future, Turkey’s influx of 140 million people could help remedy the coming collapse of European productivity with regards to gaps in the labor market that are certain to take place. Finally, with regards to the political ramifications of

History Of The Corruption In China Politics Essay

History Of The Corruption In China Politics Essay Chinas economic ascendance puts China in a position to have many wonderful prospects. In 2008, Chinas strong economic and political systems seemed to resist the idea of a global economic crisis. Chinas massive growth has enhanced China as an important economic power in the world. With over one billion people and the second largest national economy, China is still controlled by an authoritarian political regime; the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Communist Party seems to be able to rule the state and keep a stable and sustainable economy. However, corruption poses a serious hindrance to Chinas economy and political systems. The failure to eliminate political corruption could cause the collapse of Chinas economy and the Chinese Communist Party in the future (Bergsten C. F 2009 P.97). Corruption also causes the biggest disaster in Chinese history, Tiananmen Square Massacre (Harris 2003). In fact, many of the developing nations that have fast economic growth seem to have a lot of p olitical corruption. Perhaps corruption in a fast developing nation is inevitable. Corruption was widespread in Singapore during the 1960s (Quah S.T. P.31). Singapore was one of the serious corruption countries during its economic development. Many of developing countries with the rapid economic growth have different levels of corruption. The argument in this paper is: corruption in authoritarian states is more prevalent than democratic states. And corruption is a deeply ingrained issue, which is not easy to remove in Chinese society and from Chinas government corruption. This paper will introduce the historical background of China after the Chinese Communist Party overthrew the Chinese Nationalist Party and it will address how its culture and people have changed under the leading Chinese Communist Party. In this paper, moreover, Chinese economic reform is the main factors to cause corruption in China (Chow G. C. 2006 P.266). Chinese economic reform is the most important revolution which is different from the original ideology of communism. Because of the economic reform Chinas great economic achievements rely on the new modern- socialist market economy- a mixture of open- market economy and state-owned enterprise. Economic reform, at the same time as political reform, or new directions of the party, has never been engaged before by the Chinese Communist Party. The causal factors of an open- market economy impacted on the new western ideologies, and the social and political climates have changed quickly in China. For these reasons, current Chinese soc iety, culture, and politics are being changed, and it is causing major internal issues, political corruption and other relative crimes. This paper will address and explain how and why Chinas economic reform, and Chinas political system, caused corruption and related crimes in contemporary with China. Also, I would like to introduce the different kinds of corruption in Chinas government and in Chinese society. For example, political corruption has influenced the entire state, as well as the leaders of its government. In China, most influential senior officials and high level business and government positions are held by the elite who have propelled their family members and caused inheritance of their power for next generations. Those powerful people are called princelings party or Crown Prince Party. They and even their relatives control most entrepreneurs, so they are capable of shifting the profits and starting the money laundering out of their state. They are the one who mostly be lieved to be involved in the political corruption in China. An example of this is the biggest political corruption case: the former of party chief Bo Xilais and his families making billions of U.S. dollars by privileged upbringing and political influence (Barboza D. April 23, 2012). Secondly, bribery is another kind of corruption in China. This paper will introduce guanxi, the practice that is such a rule and code to conduct businesses with local business partners. In China, Guanxi used to be widely translated as connections and relationships, which reflects the process and maintaining of interpersonal relationship. Guanxi is a method of exerting power to gain more benefits and it is being used succeefully in all networks of society, such as jobs and business. This paper will also analyze how Guanxi plays an important role in corruption, and more importantly, to analyze the largest amount of smuggling and bribery in Chinese history- the criminal cases of Lai Changxing. Lai Changxing operations were based on his good social networks and Guanxi, and he smuggled over  £3.3 billion, and bribed 64 officials during the 1990s (Watts J. May 18, 2012). There is a wide range of literature on corruption from which to choose, and the literature review in this paper should focus on the definition of general practice of corruption, the different levels of corruption by macro-level, and how corruption practice occurs in authoritarian states. I will explore Chinas individual case with special political and economic orientation. Peter Hays Griess book Chinese Politics: State, Society and the Market, is an excellent source in which to study the specific cases of corruption in China, and how corruption is performed in China. Yan Suns book, Corruption and Market in Contemporary China, researches the authors viewpoints and controversial points in the academic field. Richard McGregors book The Party: The Secret World of Chinas Communist Rules, is an excellent source which reveals the integrity of Chinas Communist Party and the top secret of the central power rule of the Chinese Communist Party. Literature Review Meanings of Corruption Corruption is not a new practice, but one which has existed for many years. There are various definitions of corruption in literature scholars. Corruption currently is a term which used to be studied in philosophy, social science, and political science. In general, to define corruption in academic work is usually in various forms. Klitgaad writes: In ordinary usage, too, corruption embraces a wide array of illicit behaviors, including bribery, extortion, fraud, nepotism, graft, speed money, pilferage, theft, embezzlement, falsification of records, kickbacks, influence-peddling, and campaign contributions. (Klitgaard 1998, P1.). Klitgaard (1998) gives different violations terms to describe corruption. When people are involved in these terms, they could be accused of corruption. In philosophy, corruption is a moral deviation or depravity in human behavior. In economics, it is an exchange between people who give payment to enjoy privileges and receive payment to provide services. Klitgaard (1998) indicates corruption is an illegal act, and it has expended some of terms of crimes. All these criminal activities are too narrow to understand corruption in a particular field of study. But bribery is first term that Klitgarrds (1998) pointing to as a usual term by which many people perceive corruption. By studying particularly regional corruption in this paper, bribery and the mainly characterized of authoritarian regimes, nepotism, are important fields to study in this topic of the paper. Bribery and Briber Bribery is one of the most common terms of thought under the topic of corruption. It is based on the improper acceptance, giving, receiving, offering or solicitation of a gain or advantage from the briber, including the some actions, views, advices, or decisions of a public official, or person in a position of trust, or person bound by a duty to act impartially (Bribery and Corruption Law. 2012). In bribery and corruption law, it notes that it is necessary to understand that bribery is two exchanges with purposes of payment and receiving benefits from each other. Or a person merely attempts to bribe, even though unsuccessfully, could also be considered to be a briber. On one hand, a person who provides implication of money or gift could be defined as a briber. Gifts do not only include objects of value, such as goods and property, but also includes immaterial matters, such as services and emoluments (i.e. salary, fees or other benefits). On the other hand, a person who gains all thes e advantages or materials directly or indirectly from briber could be defined as being involved in bribery. Bribe, as well as corruption, is an illegal act with different levels, and the person may be accused of corruption which is a criminal activity. Low level of Corruption: government official corruption Low level corruption is characterized often by the traffic cop asking for bribes on the street. It undermines peoples trust in political institutions and its leaders. (Kristoff M and Pertio, R May 01, 2010 P.2) There are many scholars who discuss corruption as multi-level, which involve different magnitudes of the bribe. The authors, Kristoff and Pertio (2010) argue two levels of corruption, higher and lower levels of corruption. Low level corruption has a higher impact on the social fabric of society, with small amounts of money or other benefits. It usually takes place in some government officials, institutions, or public organizations. It erodes peoples trust and the public confidence in government. Kristoff and Pertio (2010) think that police corruption is a common corruption in low level of corruption. Police can gain from corruption easily and commonly, which damages the effective security in society. Low level corruption also includes corruption of government official. Government corruption is usually defined that the sale, by government officials, of government property for personal gains. Government officials usually receive bribes from a particular person or a group of people for providing permits or licenses, for giving passage at customs, and for prohibiting the entry of competitors. Also, government officials charge privately the products for their own using. (Shleifer. A and Vishny. R. W. May 1993. P3) In addition, government officials note that the cost of producing goods is immaterial to the official since the government pays this cost. They cover the sale of licenses, passports, or a passage on a government toll- charged road, or a policeman sells services that he is supposed to offer for free, and this exerts personal effort (Shleifer. A and Vishny. R. W. May 1993. P5). The authors, Shleifer and Vishny (1993) clarify how government officials or police offices engage in corruption and provide different offers to bribers. Government officials include particular institutions or organizations by the government, which has an obligation to provide public services, such as educational institutions. These institutions do not have rights to sell any products or services privately, and expropriate any frees by unofficial announcement. Based on the authority of government officials, such as policemen, they may force or inflict the charging fees which are supposed or obligate to be provides free services. In some weak governments, they even sell passports and drivers licenses, as long as people could make a certain payment or provide personal connections within the government. People living under a weak deviant government do not a desk to compliant or report police and government misconduct. This causes some government officials, such as police officers, to provide or to force charging fees for services which are received from the briber. Because there can b e an absolute execution by powerful people, this prevents the right to inspect government procedures and activities. Therefore this results government corruption becoming serious. High Level of Corruption: Political Corruption A high level of corruption usually involves substantial amounts of payment, and it often involves senior levels of government officials. The procurement of high level corruption can deal with the massive amounts of money, but it has a high secrecy from the public. (Kristoff, M Pertio, R May 01, 2010 P.2) Kristoff and Pertio (2010) indicate high level corruption that appears in higher level senior of the government or leading politicians. It has also involves a massive amount of money in procurement. Unlike low level of corruption, high level corruption has a lower impact on society, and people or citizens do not recognize high level corruption on the daily lives. Moreover, some political party in power requires their members to dominate government positions. Its members can be controlling key positions in awarding government contracts with businesses for a price of a briber, and then give money to the party. The illicit activities, including funds or huge infrastructure projects cou ld be funneled into the party (Governance, Corruption and Conflict, 2010, P.12). In this article, the author examines how politicians and businesses corruption and gain benefits. High level of corruption often involves in politicians or political parties who could influence public decisions, politics and rules. It is a common skill for most misconduct political leaders and their party to start political corruption when they are in office. Politicians utilize their political power in a state, and they attempt to dominate all key positions by appointing their party members or even their relatives. Most government contracts are assigned by particular businesses that would have provided bribes to the politicians for getting governmental contracts. For businesses, they could be a huge infrastructure project, such as bridge and freeway. This can be considered as a high level political corruption. Citizens usually cannot recognize the serious political corruption in the state. Therefore, i t causes that high level corruption of political parties and politicians occur in both democratic and autocratic countries. Meanwhile, high level of corruption often occurs in election campaigns in democratic states. In order to remain in office, politician may manipulate election campaigns by corruption related to campaign financing, which is a serious political issue in some states. Some elect officials help the welfare of people in constituencies, in the hopes of getting their votes. For example, a politician may be required to present expensive gifts at a wedding by a supporter in the electoral district. Or a politician may also need to participate wed receptions, birthday parties, celebrations and fund raising ceremonies that can cost huge amounts on elected officials (Myint U. December 02. 2000 P.40). To Myint (2000), high level corruption especially occurs on politicians in some democratic countries. In which the politicians or leaders of states are elected by citizens. Therefore, election campaign contributions are placed in high importance to them. Soliciting financial contributions for the elect ion campaign is extremely important for every candidate because it may very well determine whether or not the candidate wins the election. In order to have sufficient funds for an election, campaign most candidates attempt to draw contributions from the people or from entrepreneurs in the election campaign of their political parties. These rich people, entrepreneurs or dignitary, will provide benefits to the new leaders in the future government. And these benefits may foster many of the connections between leaders and entrepreneurs, which may result in the politicians participating in different gatherings of entrepreneurs. This could cost huge amounts of money to the government. Corruption in Autocracies Corruption in Autocratic and Corruption in Democratic States There are many scholars to argue that corruption in autocratic country is higher than democratic country. According to the article Governance, Corruption and Conflict, one-party system has a higher potential for corruption. This is because of the lack of checks and balances in their countries. Without checks on government and a strong public voice that can cause difficultly if it sees corruption, there will be no one who can accomplish putting pressure on the government for accountability and transparency. There is also the argument that democratic states have lower of corruption. Corruption exists in all societies, but democratic systems have a high check on corruption (Governance, Corruption and Conflict, 2010, P.10). The writer argues that corruption is more prevalent in autocratic states. The authoritarian states have more corruption is not surprising. He explains there are some major factors including the lack of check from the public, no independent media, and no public voice, with the result that widespread corruption cannot be combated efficiently. Most authoritarian states are closed societies in which the government controls newspapers, television broadcasts and internet. Therefore, citizens cannot hold the government to be transparent. The writer states there is no guarantee that a state can free from corruption. But in most democratic states, fair elections and the stronger public voice determine the nature and integrity of the government and the leadership. Corruption can be recognized by citizens based on the structure of government, and people can check government by different ways. Most democratic states have corruption investigations and anti-corruption agencies that can efficiently combat corruptions. But, unlike democratic states, most authoritarian states do not have strong independent commissions to combat and investigate corruption. It concludes that corruptions in autocratic states are higher than corruptions in democratic states. Meanwhi le, the redistributive demands by the poors mute voices and their oppression have little or no effect, when the rich have a direct political power, or easy access to political authorities, in countries with authoritarian regimes (Khagram You. December 09, 2003. P.3). Khagram and You (2003) illustrate that the degree of unequal redistributive demands between two groups of people, the poor and the rich, have different social status, which determines if the people can speak out or not. The rich, with higher social status can express themselves much easier and have easier access to government. Thus, the greater disparity between the poor and the rich, the greater is impact of high corruption in authoritarian or communist countries. Dictatorship corruption In most authoritarian states, a significant contribution to corruption is the deviated behavior of leaders. Authoritarian or totalitarian regimes do not have an institutionalized provision for succession. So, leaders in personalist dictatorships face uncertainty regarding their political futures. In dictatorships, government officials are without a democracys preoccupation and concern about their citizens evaluations. A Dictator can be considered to be a robbery, who steals the state for satisfying their short-term desires and needs, but might ultimately destroy the states economy in the long-term consequences. They completely control public life and maintain resources to benefit its elites and other strategic coalitions (Harmel Yeh 2011 P. 2, Ezrow Frantz 2011 P. 134). Ezrow Frantz (2011) argue that most dictators are only desired to dominate their power in their state and hold most executive positions, or even control their whole state by appointing executive positions. They onl y abuse tangible power for their own interests. Ezrow and Frantz (2011) describe leaders in authoritarian states as robbers, who dare to misappropriate the states natural resources and public lives. Importantly, they also determine to increase their personal wealth. Only corruption can enable them to satisfy their own interests. There are many of State-owned enterprises, such as telecommunications and television broadcasting, when, in fact, the dictator and his elites monopolize these enterprises and embezzle the funds of the state-owned enterprises. On the other hand, citizens live under an authoritarian regime suffer different levels of social control, including information control, cultural control, or even thought control. Thought control, which is one of the social controls, is used by most dictators to consolidate their political power in their states (Oh, K. and Hassig,R.C. 2000 P. 140). Thought control teaches that loyalty to the leader is necessary for every citizen, who sh ould obey their leaders completely. It is similar to a cult of personality where monarchs or leaders are held in reverence. Without the citizens inspection, corruption in authoritarian states cannot be perceived, and this has contributed to rampant dictator corruption. So the dictator and his political corruption is one of the main types of corruption in authoritarian states. Nepotism By discussing the character of corruption in authoritarian or communist regimes, it is important to understand how nepotism is practice in these societies. Communist officials consistently prove that they are corruptible and nepotistic. It is not the first time to notice that nepotism thrives in communist bureaucracies, such as the Soviet nomenklatura, is a famous for nepotism during the 1920s (Bellow July 13, 2004, P.98). Bellow (2004) argues that nepotism is a common term within communist regimes. Some communist states announce that nepotism is a rule for dictators to consolidate their power in a country. In fact, this is an informal and personal mode, which is commonly adopted by government officials and societies in communist countries. The widespread building of nepotism in a social network is important for the governmental elites to hold their positions and enlarge their influence in the government. According to The Clearing House, it clarifies the meanings of nepotism in a nor mal society: Nepotism in Georgia schools, as well as over the nation, is one of the most serious hindrances to the development of a democratic and effective system. On almost every hand we find wives, daughter, sons and in-laws of members of boards of education teaching in our public schools. In many places a system of reciprocity is in vogue where one board member agrees to vote for anothers kin in return for a vote for his own kin. There is nothing good about nepotism. It is unfair to the teacher for it creates envy among other teachers who feel that many earned advances are the result of favoritism (The Clearing House 2005). To the author, nepotism is a serious hindrance to the social network. The author (2005) gives a negative view to nepotism because he thinks that it carries an unequal treatment of people in both democratic countries and in authoritarian countries. Nepotism is a powerful influence for people to have great achievements in jobs and politics. Based on favored groups and social relationships, such as friends or relatives, people engaging in nepotism could be appointed or granted a position, or promoted or employed in government positions, as well as in some enterprises. When people rely on this informal mode, however, it often becomes a significant deviation in most societies, from what is good. It has been usually included in the topic of corruption, because nepotism carries many of conveniences which characterize the one who is bribed and the briber who corrupts others. Methodology I began the research by reading a lot of books and journal articles that consisted of topics relating to corruption, such as corruption in China, and political corruption in China. By understanding the characteristics of Chinas corruption, I should first study general corruption in the world, and how different practical modes of corruption are used in different states. Second, corruption in similar regimes has similar features, so corruption in both authoritarian and communist states should be discussed in this topic. Most authoritarian and communist states have similar political systems, such as one-party system or dictatorship. To succeed in this paper, it is important to know the factors of a topic, Corruption in China, including the contribution of Chinese economic reform, the Chinese political system, and Chinas society today. I have also gathered all information for this paper by accessing most sources from online to find media sources which include Google scholar, ProQuest, Le xisNexis, JSTOR and some of Chinas websites, such as China Daily. Using Google scholar to search primary sources mostly, it widely provides numerous relevant articles. And some websites including CNN International, South China Morning Post, New York Times and China Daily provide many useful cases that I can study for this paper. For example, the case of former of party Chief Bo Xilai and his families who stole billions of U.S. dollars. And the case of Lai Changxing, who bribed numerous of officials and smuggled products with values of billions of pounds.